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Description
Santisteban del Puerto is a municipality in the district of El Condado, of which it occupies the central strip and is erected in the main center of the region.
It is located in the foothills of Sierra Morena, to the north of the province, in the Loma de Chiclana, between the Guadalimar and Montizón rivers.
The mountain spaces are abundant, especially in the northern half. Most of the surface is not cultivated, with wood and natural meadows predominant.
The cultivated lands are basically devoted to olive trees.
The economy revolves around the olive grove, the almazara industry, the sheep cattle and the larger and smaller cynegetic activity, without forgetting the hotel.
In relation to its architectural heritage, the church of Santa María del Collado stands out, in it the Renaissance, baroque and silver styles are mixed. The 15th century church of San Esteban, Gothic and the Museum of Jacinto Higueras.
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Culture
- Church of Santa María del Collado. It is the main of its churches, built between the 13th and 18th centuries on another Visigode of the 7th century. It consists of three ships, separated by columns with unique visigoths capitals of the early church. The deck is made of wood. The central apse to which it is accessed by an arch pointed from the silery includes a silverware that communicates with the baroque shrimp. In its interior the plastic art: the wooden gate of the chapel, the carved wooden altarpiece and the choir's silery. In exteriumr, the two covers, one Gothic with pointed bow and the other Renaissance; the Renaissance portico with five sillery arches, supported by brick pillars on the basements of a quarry. Declared Good of Cultural Interest in 1978.
- Church of St. Stephen. It is started in the 15th century and is prolonged in the following. The medieval factory shows basic plant. The central ship is separated from the sides by half-point arches based on pillars. In his outside the masonry, the red brick with neogotic elements of the cover and the neomudéjars of the tower, to which it covers a conical polygonal dome of blue ceramic.
- Egido hermitage. The Hermitage of the Egido or the Collado, to which the legend relates to the parition of the Virgin, was built in 1624. There's almost nothing left of his primitive Romanesque trail. It is the result of reconstructions of different times. In the interior it stands out its magnificent wooden cover with armor of tradition mudejar to two waters in pair and row.
- San Esteban Castle. A fantastic look at the historic centre of Santisteban del Puerto, declared Good of Cultural Interest in 1985. Few remains remain of it or of other fortifications such as the Castle of Torre Alver or the Tower of Ero, all declared Good of Cultural Interest. Although the configuration of an altomedieval organic urbanism in its historical center has been preserved, it has been worth it that it has also been declared Good of Cultural Interest.
- Poyato Tower. It is a tower of tribute, belonging in its time to a rural castle of the 13th century.
- Archaeological heritage. The Iberian period pieces found in the estate of Perotito and are currently in the National Archaeological Museum (Madrid). In the municipality of Santisteban there are also the coats of the Cerro de la Caldera, the Alamedilla and the Morciguilla de la Cepera, and the Cave of Apolinario, all declared Good of Cultural Interest.
Nature
Santisteban del Puerto is located in the Sierra Morena foothills, its urban core in which white houses predominate is loaded with history. The location of its old castle offers excellent panoramic views from where we can see the beautiful layout of its urban centre.
Within the Natural Heritage of Santisteban del Puerto there is a wide variety of endangered species of Mediterranean mountain like, for example, the black vulture, the Iberian lince, the royal eagle and the leonate vulture. Animals who find their last shelters in these spaces.
In this town, olive groves, livestock and forest resources draw a diverse and high environmental quality landscape.
Among the many natural enclaves that the municipality has, we mention:
- Footprints of Dinosaurs: This is a set of 24 dinosaur tracks which extend over an area of about 20 m ². Scientists attribute the prints to a arcosaur, a 230 million-year-old bipedo. The place is perfectly conditioned to visit, with information panels and recreational area for the little ones. It is located only 1 km away. of the city centre. It has been declared by the Junta de Andalucía Monumento Natural.
- The Whale: It's located 30 km away. to the west of the town, by the river Gloves. It is a magnificent place to discover the flora and fauna typical of the Sierra Morena massif, especially the Mediterranean forest.
- The Butcher. It is a municipal estate and an ideal place for the practice of major hunting, deer, boar, muflons, let's go... We can enjoy looking at the typical plant species of the Mediterranean forest and an interesting alcornocal. It is located to the north of the town, in the heart of Sierra Morena.
- The Vultures. Another extraordinary place to discover the fauna and flora of Sierra Morena, especially the Mediterranean forest. It is located to the north of the town, just to the limit with the province of Ciudad Real, near the river Guadalén. To get to him, we'll have to go up with him. "Sierra lane" for 30 km.
Several rivers go through the municipal term: El Guadalquivir by the south, delimiting the term for several kilometres with the neighbouring town of Villacarillo; the river Montizon which crosses the municipal term in the north of the city centre; and the Guadalén and Gloves, further north.
That is why the riverside forests next to the rivers, chopos, willows, strawberries, mimberas, tarays... they draw a color brush with the passage of the seasons, especially striking during the fall. Reptiles, amphibians, trout and barbos complete the rich and varied fauna of Santisteban del Puerto.
Parties and Events
Among the parties held in Santisteban del Puerto, we mention:
- St. Stephen, on December 26. It's the party of Pattern. In his honor that day will rise a monumental stake.
- Saint Anton, January 17. It continues with the tradition of burning fires. It is the feast that closes the festive cycle of Christmas, as announced by the saying: "As far as San Antón, Pascuas are, and if there is a dungeon as far as San Fabian" (20 January).
- La Candelariaon February 2. The night before will be on Lamps to celebrate. To light the lamps will be used "ramon" of the olive pruning. This day, the Municipal Corporation, accompanied by the "mayordomy," will go to light lumbres in front of the house of the Big Brother and the Mayordomo, inviting the present to sweets and liquors.
- Pentecost parties. They are the patron parties in honor of the patron, The Most Holy Virgin of the Coronado Necklace, popularly called "Pascumayo Party." The events begin on Palm Sunday, continue on Resurrection Sunday, on Monday and Tuesday Easter, until the Monday of Pentecost, when the call takes place "Taking the picture"in which, through a particular rite, it is designated who will take over the "mayordomy," and which among other missions, has the one to organize the holidays of the Virgin of the following year.
- Another event that cannot be missed at the parties are the uprooted Broad cattle coils.
- San Marcos, April 25. Date of departure "Get the devil away." and to take a bake, which by its form is called "San Marcos rosco."
- Mayo night. It is a popular party at which at 12: 00 p.m. on the night of April 30, the sanctistebeños and visitors go up to the church of Santa María del Collado to sing the "Mayors.", one Jota who welcomes a month, accompanied by the Band of Music and the Tuna.
Gastronomy
As in many other places, the sanctistebeans use in the kitchen the ingredients that the environment provides them: mountain meat (rabbit, hare), mushrooms, slaughter products, fruits and vegetables from their gardens.
The slaughter of the pig is a tradition very rooted in Santisteban del Puerto, not only for the products that are obtained from it and that will use in the kitchen the rest of the year, but also because the killing has always been synonym of party, of neighbouring harmony and family reunion. By preparing special dishes to pay tribute to the guests on that day, it is the case that "Ajopuerco."
Among the most traditional dishes are:
- "Ajopuerco," that is made with the pig liver, grated bread, almonds, onion and parsley, leaving it to cook later in the pan.
- "Paid potatoes."That in other places you call the poor potatoes. They consist of potatoes cut into thin slices, with onions, peppers, parsley, passed through the frying pan. A tasty dish that can be eaten alone or as a companion of meat or fish.
- "Covered with rice," It is a typically sanctisterean, forceful dish that served as a reconstituent of the forces after a hard working day.
- "Andrajos with hare". It has as ingredients water, flour and salt for wafers. In the frying pan a saffrito of tomato, garlic, onion, green pepper, a little spicy and rabbit, hare or partridge. When cooked the meat is added the wafers and let be boiled. They're served in the same pan.
- "Ajoharina": A saffrito is made with tomato, onion, potato and eggplant. In the frying pan, dry red peppers are tasted, once toast is crushed in the mortar with cumins and salt. When everything is ready, water is added and at the end flour is to be weighed.
- "Acholamalo.". They eat potatoes, dry peppers, tomato and salt. Once cooked they are crushed in the mortar and water is poured from the cooking of the potatoes, and oil, onion and cod are added.
Piping: Most sweets are associated with the festive cycle:
- "Roscos de San Marcos", have their origin in the traditional bakes that were prepared with painted eggs.
- "Charity.", which are held at the parties of Pentecost in honor of the Patron, the Virgin of the Collado. Three pieces of collation are distributed, some "bakers of charity" and a piece of bull meat.
History
The first settlers have bequeathed us a great set of Rupestrian Paints, including the the cave of Apolinario mid-fourth millennium BC
During Bronze age, II millennium BC, and linked to the consolidation of the metallurgy of Sierra Morena, there was an intense occupation of these lands with several villages.
The origins of current location date Iberian stage, a oppidum (fortified village), identified as Ilurgeia. This town would leave us the treasures of "Experts"(currently at the Archaeological Museum of Madrid) and the"Alameda"(at the Provincial Archaeological Museum).
During the Roman era the Via Augusta and fortification of peoples.
It is the Visigoths who change the Roman name of Ilugo for San Estebanfrom which the present name derives.
During Islamic period is mentioned as Sant Astiban or Sant Istiban.
From the al- Andalus period we have remained strong like that of San Esteban, Torrealber or Poyato.
The Christian conquest was carried out by Fernando III in the year 1,226. Your son, Alfonso X Santisteban as a village to Ubedawhich would be for a short time, since in 1285 Sancho IV granted the Villa Real's privilege.
From the 14th to the 19th century, Santisteban's history was linked to the House of the Benavids. In this situation it will remain until 1,812, the year when the Cortes de Cadiz decreed the abolition of the Lordships.
For many years there have been disputes over the demarcation of municipal terms between the three towns that made up the county, Santisteban, Castellar and Navas de San Juan.
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