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Description
Population located in the north of the province, in the district of El Condado. The whole of its term is located in Sierra Morena on its southern side and in the Guadalquivir watershed. The rivers of Guadalimar, Guadalén and Guarrizas run through this municipality.
The landscape of Navas de San Juan, as the rest of the region has the olive tree as its protagonist, although there are also areas of cereal. The uncultivated land is pasture in which a mainly bovine livestock is fed. Pigs and stabulated birds are also important at the provincial level.
The economy is based first on olive cultivation, followed at a distance by livestock and hunting. The pistachio is recently being introduced as an alternative crop and economic source.
From its cultural heritage we highlight: the hermitage of the Virgin of the Star and the church of St. John the Baptist.
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Culture
- Hermitage of the Virgin of the Star. Up on an Arab fortress of the 13th century, of which the tower of homage is preserved. In the 15th century he began his dedication to Christian worship and has since been reformed several times. Built in gilded masonry and silery, the set presents basic plant with arches of half point on quadrangular pillars with achaflanated corners. The shrimp of the Virgin is located in the tower of homage, covered by a half-orange vault on breast. From the outside it is observed that in order to adapt it, vain and saetera were blinded. In 1781 the bell tower and the last century the swordsman.
- Church of St. John the Baptist. Built between the 16th and 18th centuries. It presents Renaissance, mannerist and baroque elements. Its plant is long and of a single ship, arranged in three unequal sections: the presbyterium, covered with a barrel vault with lunetes; the previous space, which is a little wider, covered with a vault of edges and with hornacino chapels on the sides and the third section is centralized and covered with a half-orange vault on the pechines.The cover style Mannerist It has a simple half-point arch with trapezoidal dovens, and in the upper body a hornaine with dogrous columns, dogric setting and triangular fronton. The bell tower It's been raised in the 18th century, with a first body of square floor and the second of polygonal floor topped by a conical volume covered with Arab tile. A very valuable and important piece is preserved in this church. a silver cross adorned with low-reliefs which represent the Old and New Testament.
- The Vergao Fountain. We found the first references of its existence in the Marquis de la Ensenada Census in 1752. It is a sample of public-use civil architecture from which not many remain. It has supplied water to Navas until 1966, when the drinking water network was installed in the municipality.
Nature
The town of Navas de San Juan located to the north of the province, on the southern slope of Sierra Morena, it extends between the Montizon River and the Guadalimar.
Its landscape, like the rest of the municipalities of this region, has protagonist to the olive tree, but also cereal lands and mountain areas.
In North third is found the most abrupt area, the areas of Torrealver, Villamalo, Cerro de San Pablo and the Ballestera.
We found several valleys throughout the term: The one from the Guadalimar River, by its southern limit; the Guadalén in the north half, and the valley of River Guarrizas delimiting the north of the municipal term.
The the whole of the municipal term is found in the river Guadalquivir watershed and from its main tributary the Guadalimar River.
The South Third of the term pour directly to the Guadalimar River, while the remaining two thirds pour to the Guadalén River, either directly to it, or to its tributary the Montizon River.
In the term of Navas de San Juan we distinguish four ecosystems well-differentiated: mountain and high mountain areas, of the olive tree, the cereal crops and banks of rivers and wetlands.
It will be this last ecosystem, with its gallery forests in the vicinity of the rivers, that they put a color note in the landscape with the passage of the stations, especially at the station fall.
The flora is made up of: oaks, corks, complaints, oaks, Mediterranean nobleman forest, and repopulation pines, gallery forests in the water courses.
The fauna The site is also very diverse: major and minor hunting species, presence of protected mammals such as the wolf, lince or meloncillo. Birds related to the aquatic environment and rapacious birds of special interest such as the imperial eagle, leonate vultures or the royal owl.
An ideal space from which we can contemplate extraordinary panoramic views of the countryside and jienese saws.
Parties and Events
The following festivities are held in the town of Navas de San Juan:
- Virgin of the Star Romeria. During the first three days of May, Navas de San Juan celebrates the Romeria of Our Lady of the Star. The events begin on April 30 with the floral offering to the banner of the Virgin, mass and preaching. The day 1 May, rosemary in typical suits, carrots garnetted, horsemen and horses Start towards the hermitage of its employer, located in the Star Plane. In the sanctuary there is a solemn mass, performances in the auditorium and "mayos" in the hermitage at night. The day two, the authorities leave again from the City Council to accompany the Virgin of the Star from the sanctuary to the monolith that commemorates its appearance in the 12th century. The Third dayafter the Mass in the sanctuary, the Virgin return to his parish in the Navas de San Juan, being received with great joy by the naveros that cover the image with rose petals and where it will remain until the first Saturday of September. In addition to "Maya.", traditional songs in honor of the Virgin, also offer to her patron the, wide silk ribbons with embroidery beautiful that are placed to the image of the patron. It has been declared National Tourist Interest Party in 1985.
- Festivals of San Juan. These parties have been held since 1808 in honor of San Juan Bautista, the master of the municipality. The day 24 June, in the afternoon, the Patron walks through the streets of the village to the bullring, to the double bar to turn the course and grant the blessing and approval of the acts prepared in his honor. Within all the programmed, the "bulls", a custom celebrated since time immemorial, in which Braves run through the streets of the village.
- August parties. Also called migrant parties. They were born in order to pay tribute to all who one day for work reasons had to emigrate and are unable to attend the holidays of San Juan. They are a replica of the traditional ones held in June. It has been established for the first weekend of August.
Gastronomy
It has a certain influence of the manchega cuisine due to its proximity, but it has many typical recipes of the village. These are some of those with the greatest roots in the population:
- Cauliflower knife. For its production it is necessary: cauliflower, onion, tomato, pepper, garlic, parsley, olive oil, it can also carry boquerones, but it is optional.
- Gachamas, made with olive oil, flour, water and potatoes. You can eat with chorizos, torreznos...
- Ajo- flour: potatoes, flour, cod, pepper, tomato, onion, garlic, cumin and pepper.
- Cranberries: olive oil, rabbit or field hare, potatoes, onions, garlic, dry pepper, tomato, sweet pepper, mint and laurel. For cakes, flour, water and salt.
- Galians. Galianeras (bread cakes without yeast), rabbit, tomato, green pepper, olive oil, water and salt are needed.
In pastry shops:
- Drunk: eggs, roasted oil, white wine, flour, sugar and spirits.
- Other: Holy Week flowers, sweet gazhas...
- Risol: It is the typical Christmas liquor and its ingredients are: sweet anis, coffee in grain, cinnamon, orange shell and sugar.
History
A mid-second millennium BC the territory of Navas de San Juan already showed an important human occupation, as the settlements of Castellón and the Atalaya testify.
The people must have emerged, the Iberian period, of a colonization promoted by the great Iberian center of Cattulo.
Later, as the rest of the province of Jaén was under Carthaginese power, and already in Roman times it was an important point on the road between Catulus and Ilugo as shown by the appearance of two "militaries" within the municipal term. In the territory, there was an abundance of the farm-type villa, of which seven have been invented, including the Cortijada de El Steel or Roman Villa of Cerro Prior.
In the times of Al Andalus, Navas de San Juan It had to be a pitcher, where Muslims built a castle and other fortifications such as the castle of Ero and tower of tribute around which the Sanctuary of Santa Maria de la Estrella has been built.
Fernando III conquered these lands in the year 1226, when they were under the jurisdiction of Santisteban del Puerto, coming this link with Santisteban until 1802, when Charles IV grants him the privilege of villain.
The second half of the 19th century was characterized by population growth, people looking for work in the countryside.
From 60 years of the last century, as in other Jienian localities, Navas de San Juan suffers from strong emigration due to the massive rural exodus to the large cities, losing up to 25% of its population.
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