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Description
Castellar is a municipality in the north-eastern part of the province of Jaén. It is located in the central part of the district of El Condado, between the mountain ranges of La Loma and Sierra Morena.
The crops occupy more than half of their municipal term and are located to the south, where the olive grove predominates, although the Vega del Guadalquivir gives rise to horticultural, industrial and forage crops. The main activity is in agriculture and in particular in olive farming.
This municipality has witnessed the passage of millennial cultures that have left its mark. The rupestre sanctuary of the Cave of the Lobera where remains of the Iberian era have been found, and the 17th-century ex-collegiate Church of Santiago, which has been declared a Historical-artistic Monument in 1983, is noteworthy.
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Culture
- Former Collegiata de Santiago, declared an Artistic Historical Monument, is a sober construction of elegant proportions dating from the 17th century. In 1692 he was raised to the rank of a collegiate by Pope Inocencio XII.
- The parish Church of Our Lady of the Incarnationsettled on an old Visigode castle rebuilt in the 10th century by the Arabs and whose torreon served as the base of the tower of the present temple. Its interior is protogotic (14th century), but its cover is neoclassical from the 17th century.
- Palace of the House of Medinaceli, 16th century Renaissance palace, current city hall.
- The Iberian Sanctuary of the Cave of the Loberalocated 1.5 km. de Castellar, on a rocky ledge that houses caves that were used as houses in past civilizations, is an emblematic settlement of Iberian archaeology. Place known as Altos de Sotillo, numerous bronze exvotes from Iberian times have been found, which can be visited at the Iberian Sanctuary Museum.
- The Museum of Iberian Art, popularly known as the Museum of the Exvote, it is located within the 14th century tower of tribute, known as the Pallarés Castle. It presents one of the largest collections of exvotes exposed to the public.
- The House of the Diez Family, is a living-16th century palace of which stands out its plateresque cover carved in stone and topped with an imposing shield.
Nature
The municipal term of Castellar has a very irregular form, in the north-south direction it reaches 39 km, while in the east-west it does not reach 10 km. of a maximum width of less than 0,5 km near the Montizon River.
The northern part of the term, known as Sierra del Oro, is mountainous and belongs to Sierra Morena. It presents the typical Mediterranean forest, steep and pedestal areas.
The characteristic fauna is the same as that of Sierra Morena, in which the cynetic species abound: deer, boars, goos, foxes, rabbits, partridges...
The flora is made up of low mountain and native Mediterranean forest: oaks, juniors, madroños, acuches, complaints...
South of the municipal term, being part of the Guadalquivir basin, extends the valley area, more suitable for the cultivation of olive trees, pastures, forage plants and garden areas.
Parties and Events
Among the main festivities, we will mention the following:
- Great Fair, is held in August, from 10 to 15, are its patron parties, in which the bull, with different taurino shows, is the protagonist of these parties.
- San BenitoOn March 21, the Spanish people celebrate the feast of their patron. This day, the saint, is moved to his hermitage as a form of romance in the midst of different religious and playful activities.
- Our Lady of Consolation, patron of the town and is held from 1 to 3 May. There is a rosemary with the later transfer of the patron to the town.
Gastronomy
The gastronomy of Castellar is rich and varied, its base being the olive oil.
Its inhabitants presuppose to produce the best triguero or campero asparagus in the province, and prepare them in many ways.
The most traditional dishes are not missing:
- Calandrajoswith either hare or cod. In other places they are called rags, rags or wink.
- The Galians, which makes us think this has been a land of transhuman shepherds.
- "Ajoharina", it's a stew of vegetables, potatoes and flour with pepper.
- "Ajopringue"and consists of the liver of pig seasoned with spices and "print"either pork butter or olive oil.
- "Gachasmigas"It's a great breakfast for the men who were going to do a hard job in the field.
- Other variants, where "garlic" means "crushed": "Burn." and "Hairdresser".
Within the traditional sweetness, stand out the entangled, stained olives, roses of spirit and olive oil, flowers, drunks, papajotes...
The work on olive wood is worth noting.
History
The archaeological vestiges located in its municipal term go back to the Neolithic, and one of the most interesting findings is that of the Cave of the Sima, with a collective burial set.
Castellar was an important place in the time of the Iberians, as it was in the territory of the Oretania, and here is located one of the great centres of worship of the Iberians, the Rock Shrine of the Cave of the Lobera, located in the Altos del Sotillo.
From the period of Roman domination there have also been found a multitude of vestiges and settlements characterized as the sites of Campillo and El Dorado.
It was one of the first localities conquered by King Fernando III by the Nazari Muslims in 1226. During the Middle and Modern Ages, Castellar was linked to the Casa de los Benavides. Under his patronage, the collegiate of Santiago Apostolo is built.
This dynasty of the Benavids, would become condes in 1473, and its county comprised three villages: Navas, Castellar and Santisteban. Conflicts between the three localities over disputes over common land membership were very frequent and would continue for a long time. They would be ended in 1978 with the "Scripture of Concord".
Other information
It should be noted that in Castellar there is an important shellfish factory, even if it seems to be a contradiction for being this town of the earth inside. From this factory, high quality seafood are produced and distributed from the most distant coasts.
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