Located between the Subbetic and Prebetic mountain ranges, the Sierra Mágina is a veritable open-air geological record. Its marine origins date back to the Mesozoic Era, with Triassic rocks and predominant Jurassic and Cretaceous formations, when this territory lay beneath ancient oceans.

This past has left a valuable paleontological heritage, such as the reddish limestones with ammonites and the 16-million-year-old marine algae fossils in El Torcal (Albanchez de Mágina). Composed mainly of limestone, the mountain range rises abruptly above the sea of ​​olive groves, creating a landscape of great contrast, shaped over millennia by water into karst pavements, sinkholes, and ravines.

Alongside the limestone, subvolcanic rocks and vestiges of submarine volcanism also appear, adding diversity to the landscape, where peaks, fertile valleys, and badlands alternate. At lower elevations, marls and clays soften the terrain and favor crops and springs. Sierra Mágina is, in short, a unique landscape sculpted by rock, water, and time.